Everything You Need to Know About a Dislocated Shoulder

What is a Dislocated Shoulder?

A dislocated shoulder happens when the head of the upper arm bone (humerus) is forced out of its socket in the shoulder blade (glenoid). This usually occurs due to trauma or sudden force, and the shoulder joint, being the most mobile joint in the body, is also the most prone to dislocation. The most common type is an anterior dislocation, where the humeral head moves forward out of the socket.

An analogy…

Imagine the shoulder joint like a golf ball sitting on a shallow tee. It’s built for movement, not stability. If the ball is hit too hard or twisted, it can easily fly off the tee, just like your arm bone can pop out of the socket during a dislocation.

What are other names that a dislocated shoulder can be referred to?

Shoulder Dislocation, Anterior Shoulder Dislocation, Dislocation of the Shoulder Joint

What causes a dislocated shoulder?

The shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint with a wide range of motion, but that flexibility comes at the cost of stability. The joint is held together by ligaments, tendons, and muscles. If there’s a sudden force, like a fall, tackle, or awkward arm movement, these structures can be overstretched or torn, allowing the humeral head to slip out of the socket. This may also damage the labrum (cartilage rim) or surrounding soft tissues.

What are the signs and symptoms of a dislocated shoulder?

Intense pain in the shoulder right after the injury
Visible deformity or drooping of the shoulder
Inability to move the arm
Swelling or bruising around the joint
A feeling of looseness or instability after the initial injury
Numbness or tingling in the arm or hand if nerves are affected

What tests are used to diagnose a dislocated shoulder?

Apprehension Test: This test checks for shoulder instability. While lying down or sitting, the practitioner gently moves your arm into an overhead, externally rotated position, like preparing to throw a ball. If you feel like your shoulder is going to “pop out” or become dislocated again, it’s a positive test and may indicate a history of dislocation or instability.

Relocation Test: This test is usually done right after the Apprehension Test. The practitioner applies gentle pressure to the front of the shoulder, helping to keep the joint in place. If this reduces your discomfort or fear of dislocation, it confirms that the shoulder instability is likely coming from the front of the joint.

How long does a dislocated shoulder take to heal?

Recovery depends on how severe the dislocation is and whether there is any associated soft tissue damage. Most people return to basic movement within 2–6 weeks, but full recovery, especially for athletes or heavy lifting, may take 8–12 weeks or longer. If the joint remains unstable or the injury is recurrent, surgery may be required.

How does a dislocated shoulder happen?