A humeral fracture is a break in the humerus, the long bone of the upper arm that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. The fracture can occur in the upper part (proximal humerus) near the shoulder, the mid-shaft, or the lower part (distal humerus) near the elbow. These injuries can be the result of trauma, falls, or direct impact, and range from simple cracks to complex breaks that may involve joint surfaces.

An analogy…

Think of the humerus like a tree branch, if it’s struck hard enough or falls awkwardly, it can crack, split, or snap, depending on the force and where the impact hits.

What are other names that a humeral fracture can be referred to?

Fractured Humerus, Humerus Fracture, Broken Arm

What causes a humeral fracture?

The location of the break often determines how the injury occurs. Proximal humeral fractures usually result from a fall onto an outstretched arm and are more common in older adults with weaker bones. Mid-shaft fractures often occur from a direct blow to the upper arm. Distal humeral fractures, which happen near the elbow, are more commonly seen in younger individuals or athletes following a fall or sporting injury. 

What are the signs and symptoms of a humeral fracture?

• Sudden, severe pain in the upper arm after trauma
• Swelling and bruising around the injury site
• Deformity or unusual shape in the arm
• Inability to lift, move, or use the arm normally
• Grinding or popping sensation when moving the arm
• In some cases, numbness or tingling

What tests are used to diagnose a humeral fracture?

Physical examination: Checks for swelling, tenderness, deformity, and range of motion

X-ray: Confirms the fracture location, type, and severity

How long does a humeral fracture take to heal?

Recovery from a humeral fracture depends on the type and location of the break. Simple fractures can often heal within 6 to 8 weeks with non-surgical care. In contrast, more complex or displaced fractures may take 12 weeks or longer to recover. If surgery is required, full recovery, including regaining strength and function, may take 3 to 6 months or more. Achieving full movement and strength usually involves guided rehabilitation, particularly for fractures that occur near joints.

How does a humeral fracture happen?

• Falls
• Sports injuries
• Direct trauma
• Osteoporosis or weakened bones
• High-risk activities or occupations involving lifting, impact, or instability

What treatment can help a humeral fracture?

• Displaced fractures usually require surgical fixation with plates and screws, followed by immobilisation in a sling or cast
• Non-displaced fractures are generally treated with a sling or plaster cast, sometimes with manipulation, based on specialist advice.
• Once healing is confirmed, rehabilitation begins under practitioner guidance.
• Rehab may include manual therapy (massage, dry needling, mobilisation, stretching) to improve movement, pain, and function.
• Patients should perform pain-free flexibility and strengthening exercises to rebuild movement and prevent stiffness or weakness.
• A gradual return to activity or sport can happen once the fracture has healed and there are no symptoms.

What exercises or stretches can I do for a humeral fracture?

• Pendulum swings
• Elbow and wrist mobility exercises
• Shoulder range of motion exercises
• Resistance band strength work
• Grip and hand exercises

What products can help with a humeral fracture?

• Wheatbag
• Trigger Ball
• KT Pilates Band Pack