A sternal fracture is a break or crack in the sternum, which is the flat bone in the centre of your chest that connects to the ribs and protects your heart and lungs. These fractures are less common than rib fractures and usually happen from direct trauma to the chest, such as during a car accident, fall, or contact sport.

An analogy…

Think of the sternum like the front panel of a suit of armour, it’s flat and strong, designed to protect what’s inside. If it’s hit hard enough, it can crack just like a shield would if it took a direct blow.

What are other names that a sternal fracture can be referred to?

Fractured Sternum, Sternum Fracture, Broken Sternum

What causes a sternal fracture?

Sternal fractures typically occur from a strong impact to the chest. This might happen in a car accident when the chest hits the steering wheel, or in sports, falls, or blunt trauma. The force causes the bone to crack, and because the sternum is connected to the ribs and moves slightly during breathing, even a small fracture can be painful. In rare cases, the fracture can be associated with damage to underlying organs, like the heart or lungs.

What are the signs and symptoms of a sternal fracture?

• Sharp chest pain at the front of the chest
• Pain worsens with deep breathing, coughing, or movement
• Swelling or bruising over the breastbone
• Tenderness when pressing on the sternum
• Pain when lying flat or turning in bed
• Shallow breathing due to discomfort
• In severe cases, clicking or movement of the bone may be felt

What tests are used to diagnose a sternal fracture?

Physical examination: Pressing on the sternum to check for pain, swelling, or instability

X-ray: Most common imaging used to confirm a sternal fracture

How long does a sternal fracture take to heal?

Most uncomplicated sternal fractures heal within 6 to 8 weeks, but the first 1–2 weeks can be very painful. Healing depends on the severity of the fracture and whether there’s any damage to nearby organs or tissues. Full recovery may take longer if complications are present.

How does a sternal fracture happen?

• Motor vehicle accidents (most common cause)
• Falls onto the chest
• High-impact sports injuries
• Direct trauma from objects or equipment
• Severe coughing (in people with weaker bones or osteoporosis)

What treatment can help a sternal fracture?

• Pain relief medication
• Ice packs to reduce pain and swelling in the early days
• Rest from heavy lifting or upper body movement
• Breathing exercises to prevent lung complications
• Postural support (e.g. avoiding slouching or pressure on the chest)
• Gradual return to movement once pain improves

What exercises or stretches can I do for a sternal fracture?

• Deep breathing exercises
• Gentle shoulder and arm movements
• Thoracic mobility exercises
• Postural correction drills

What products can help with a sternal fracture?

• Wheatbag
• KT Pilates Band Pack